Ortega y la razón histórica en la historia de la filosofía

The current article aims to study the circumstantial e historical character of Ortega y Gasset’s Philosophy, organising the multiple dispersed data in his works. Philosophical literature has thought over the term vital reason a lot. However, it can be disappointingly observed that the most important issue hardly appears in its explanations. With it, Ortega meant, above all, that even in his there is no definitive philosophy. Consequently, the reason, the philosophy is alive, which does not mean that we are always the same, since Philosophy is more and more experienced: there is progress, complexity increases.El presente artículo pretende ser un estudio del carácter circunstancial e histórico de la filosofía según Ortega y Gasset, mediante una sistematización de los múltiples datos dispersos en su obra. Muchas vueltas ha dado la bibliografía al término razón vital, y, sin embargo, puede observarse con decepción cómo en las explicaciones del mismo casi nunca aparece lo más importante. Pues lo que Ortega quería decir, por encima de todo, con él, es que no hay filosofía definitiva, ni siquiera la suya. Por eso, la razón, la filosofía está viva. Lo cual no significa que se halle detenida siempre en el mismo punto: hay progreso, la ganancia es en complejidad

Sobre Ortega y Gasset y El Quijote

Depto. de Filosofía y SociedadFac. de FilosofíaFALSEunpu

La filosofía necesaria y la mejor y de más alto fruto para el hombre de Oliva y Miguel Sabuco. Alcaraz, Albacete, s. XVI.

Depto. de Filosofía y SociedadFac. de FilosofíaFALSEunpu

El socratismo cristiano en el "Quijote"

Este artículo introduce un concepto nuevo con el que poder comprender el Quijote: el socratismo cristiano. Un elemento del ascetismo que impregnaba la España barroca de la Contrarreforma, y del que participaba Cervantes. El Quijote es una guerra entre Cervantes y don Quijote, o dicho de otra forma, entre el último capítulo y los restantes, entre el Barroco y el Renacimiento –y su continuación, la modernidad- expresión literaria de la guerra entre el Imperio español y Europa. Su carácter dialéctico se refleja incluso en el enfrentamiento entre las dos corrientes interpretativas preponderantes.This article introduces a new concept to be able to understand Don Quixote: the Christian Socratism, which is an element of asceticism that imbued the Baroque Spain of the Counter-Reformation, and which Cervantes agreed with. Don Quixote is a war between Cervantes and Don Quixote, or to put it another way, between the last chapter and the other ones, between Baroque and Renaissance -and its sequel, Modern Age- literary expression of the war between the Spanish Empire and Europe. Its dialectical character is even reflected in the confrontation between the two predominant interpretative currents

Tax Reforms in an Endogenous Growth Model with Pollution

This paper discusses the effects of a green tax reform in an AK growth model without abatement activities and with a negative environmental externality in utility function. There is also a non-optimal level of public spending. The results depend on the financing source of public spending. When there is not public debt, a revenue-neutral green tax reform has not any effect on pollution, growth and welfare. On the contrary, when short-run deficits are financed by debt issuing, a variety of green tax reforms increase welfare. Nevertheless, in this framework, non-green tax reforms are also welfare improving.Environmental externalities, Economic growth, Pollution taxes, Laffer Curve.

Environmental fiscal policies might be ineffective to control pollution

In a one sector growth model with pollution in the utility function, the competitive equilibrium can be indeterminate for plausible values of the intertemporal substitution elasticity of consumption and under constant returns to scale. The tax rate on pollution does not enter the condition characterizing indeterminacy. This means that the government is not able to control emissions in the economy by using environmental policies. Non-separability between private consumption and pollution in the utility function is crucial for this result.Indeterminacy, Environmental taxes, Pollution

Double Dividend in an Endogenous Growth Model with Pollution and Abatement

This paper discusses wether by implementing an environmental tax reform, a government may achieve a double dividend. We consider the simplest endogenous growth model (AK model) and include a negative environmental externality in the utility function. Pollution flow can be reduced by means of private abatenment activities. There is a predetermined non-optimal level of public spending financed by environmental taxes and pre-existing taxes on income and consumption. The major contribution of the paper is to show that, under this simple framework, a double dividend may arise if tax reform consists of substituing environmental tax for income tax, in such a way that the government budget constraint holds in a present value sense.Environmental tax reform, Double dividend, Abatement activities.

Indeterminación y función de utilidad no separable en consumo público y ocio

We show that in a simple growth model, where public consumption enters the utility function, and under constant returns to scale in production, the competitive equilibrium can be undetermined. Indeterminacy of equilibria arises for plausible values of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution of consumption, and even when supply and demand labor curves have the standard slopes. Non-separability between public consumption and leisure in the utility function is crucial for this result. En este trabajo se muestra que, en un modelo de crecimiento sencillo, donde el consumo público es un argumento de la función de utilidad, y en el que la tecnología de producción exhibe rendimientos constantes a escala en la producción, el equilibrio competitivo puede estar indeterminado. Se produce indeterminación de equilibrios para valores creíbles de la elasticidad de sustitución intertemporal del consumo. Además, puede ocurrir que las curvas de oferta y demanda de trabajo tengan las pendientes habituales. Para obtener estos resultados es imprescindible suponer preferencias en las que el consumo público y el ocio son no separables.